MyBioSource.com's CCND3 Antibody is a Rabbit Polyclonal antibody. This antibody has been shown to work in applications such as: ELISA, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, and Western Blot.
Description
Description: Activity of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 is regulated by T-loop phosphorylation, by the abundance of their cyclin partners (the D-type cyclins), and by association with CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip or INK family of proteins (1). The inactive ternary complex of cyclin D/CDK4 and p27 Kip1 requires extracellular mitogenic stimuli for the release and degradation of p27 concomitant with a rise in cyclin D levels to affect progression through the restriction point and Rb-dependent entry into S-phase (2). The active complex of cyclin D/CDK4 targets the retinoblastoma protein for phosphorylation, allowing the release of E2F transcription factors that activate G1/S-phase gene expression (3). Levels of cyclin D protein drop upon withdrawal of growth factors through downregulation of protein expression and phosphorylation-dependent degradation (4). Although the D-type cyclins are not fully redundant, cyclin D3, like D1, plays a prominent role in differentiation and proliferation, which correlates with higher expression levels of cyclin D3 in various cancers (5).
Function: Regulatory component of the cyclin D3-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G1/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G1 phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. Also substrate for SMAD3, phosphorylating SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and repressing its transcriptional activity. Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D3/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex.
Subunit Structure: Interacts with the CDK4 and CDK6 protein kinases to form a serine/threonine kinase holoenzyme complex. The cyclin subunit imparts substrate specificity to the complex. Interacts with ATF5. Interacts with EIF3K. Component of the ternary complex cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B required for nuclear translocation and modulation of CDK4-mediated kinase activity. Can form similar complexes with either CDKN1A or CDKN2A.
Post-translational Modifications: Polyubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL2) complex, leading to proteasomal degradation.
Similarity: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin D subfamily